Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Full Name: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
Area: 0.44 sq km (land: 0.44 sq km , water: 0 sq km )
Population: 821 (July 2007 est.)
Capital City: Vatican City
People: Italians, Swiss, other
Language: Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Religion: Roman Catholic
Government Type: Ecclesiastical
Chief of State Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005)
Head of Government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006)
Industries: Printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
Currency: Euro (€ - EUR)
Member of EU: No
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